Developing a Java Card Applet. By Ed Ort, Release 2. August 2. 00. 1 Source: Wallet. The January 2. 00. Writing a Java Card Applet introduced smart cards, gave a brief overview of Java Card technology, and showed how to use that technology to write a Java Card applet. After you write a Java Card applet, you're ready to prepare it for execution in a Smart Card that implements the Java Card runtime environment. Preparing a Java Card applet for execution involves a number of steps, such as converting it to a runtime format and testing it in various simulated environments. This article refers to these steps collectively as . You can use the Java Card 2. Development Kit to develop an applet for masking. Masking means embedding the applet into the read- only memory of a smart card when the card is manufactured. Alternatively, you can use the Java Card 2. Development Kit to develop an applet for installation onto a smart card after the card is manufactured. Smart Meters are a surveillance device. They are a search without a warrant. They collect detailed energy usage, for instance: when you cook, watch TV, whether you.The Java Card 2. 1. Development Kit provides components and tools that you need to develop applets for masking or installation. This includes: Java Card Framework classes that are essential for developing Java Card applets. EMV is a technical standard for smart payment cards and for payment terminals and automated teller machines that can accept them. EMV cards are smart cards (also. This educational site is a project of the Acceleration Studies Foundation (ASF). It is written by technology foresight. A Java Card Workstation Development Environment (JCWDE) that simulates the Java Card runtime environment on a Java virtual machine 1. An APDUTool utility that sends command APDUs to the JCWDE or to a Java Card runtime environment. Command APDUs are the way operational requests are made to a smart card. A Converter tool that converts a Java Card applet into a format required for masking or for installation. Off- card verification tools that check the integrity of files produced by the Converter. A mask generator that generates a mask file for incorporation into a mask in a Java Card runtime environment. An off- card installer for installing a Java Card applet onto a smart card. Using these classes and tools, you develop a Java Card applet on your workstation or PC. Specifically, you: Compile the applet. Optionally, test the applet in the JCWDE, and debug the applet. EMVCo exists to facilitate worldwide interoperability and acceptance of secure payment transactions. It accomplishes this by managing and evolving the EMV. SMART (Self-Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology. Searching for Accelerated Reader books is fun and easy with this free online tool. Please tell us if you are a student, parent, teacher or librarian. Testing a Java Card Applet in the JCWDE. This step is optional. You can wait to test your applet until a later step in the development process, for instance, when you. Welcome to Smart Card Basics. This is a sponsored site brought to you by a number of leading manufacturers in the smart card industry. We have tried to make this site. Convert the applet. If you develop an applet that will be masked, you convert the applet class and all the classes in its package to a Java Card Assembly (JCA) file. If you develop an applet for installation, you convert the applet and all the classes in its package to a Converted Applet (CAP) file, and possibly an export file. An export file is used to convert another package if that package imports classes from this package. The next step depends on whether you develop an applet for masking or for installation. For masking, you run the mask generator to produce a mask file. For installation, you run the off- card installer; this produces a script file that contains command APDUs - - you then use the file as input to the APDUTool. The APDUTool works in conjunction with the installer on the smart card to download the CAP file and instantiate the Java Card applet in the CAP file. The Java Card 2. 1. Development Kit also includes a reference implementation of the Java Card runtime environment. The implementation is written in the C language, so it is referred to as the C- JCRE. The reference implementation simulates the read- only memory of an actual Java Card runtime environment. The simulation can incorporate a mask. You can also install applets into the C- JCRE. As a result, you can use the C- JCRE to test the mask for an applet or to test an applet designed for installation onto a smart card. The steps in the development process are illustrated in the following figure. The Java Card 2. 1. Development Kit includes sample Java Card applets. To demonstrate how to develop a Java Card applet, this article uses the Wallet sample Java Card applet. The Wallet applet is also used for demonstration purposes in the article Writing a Java Card Applet. You can find the source code file, Wallet. Java Card 2. 1. 2 Development Kit. Or click here to see the source code for the Wallet applet. Setting Up Your Environment. You can use the Java Card 2. Development Kit in the Solaris Operating Environment (versions 2. Windows NT Platform (with Service Pack 4). In either of these environments, you need to ensure that you have the Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition SDK version 1. You also need to install the javax. Java Communications API 2. You can download the API from the Java Communications API page. Follow the instructions provided with the download to install the API. The tools in the Java Card 2. Development Kit require that you set certain environment variables. Set the JC2. When you download the Java Card 2. Development Kit, a ZIP file is downloaded. When you unzip the file, the contents of the Java Card 2. Development Kit are placed in a subdirectory named java. Suppose, for example, you downloaded the Java Card 2. Development Kit in the Solaris Operating Environment in directory /home/ed, and then unzipped it. In this case, set JC2. In this case, set JC2. For example, in the Solaris Operating Environment. JAVA. To do this in the Solaris Operating Environment, set the PATH environment variable as follows. PATH .: $JC2. 1. Because of this, you should ensure that api. To do this in the Solaris Operating Environment, set the CLASSPATH environment variable as follows. CLASSPATH $JC2. 1. However because applets are designed to run in the very small memory space of a smart card, they're coded using an appropriate subset of the Java programming language. As you do for a Java application or applet, you compile Java Card applets on your workstation or PC. You can use any Java compiler that supports Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition version 1. Java 2 SDK version 1. This tells the compiler to generate debugging information. You need to specify this option in preparation for running the Converter tool. That's because the Converter tool requires information about local variable types within the applet, information that it gets from the Local. Variable. Table attribute. The attribute is generated only if the - g option is specified when you compile the applet. Testing a Java Card Applet in the JCWDEThis step is optional. You can wait to test your applet until a later step in the development process, for instance, when you convert it to a format for masking or for installation. However if you want to do an early test of your applet, you can test it in the JCWDE. This gives you a way of testing a Java Card applet on your workstation or PC, that is, in a Java virtual machine, without having to convert the applet. To test a Java Card applet in the JCWDE, you: Starting the JCWDEThe JCWDE, which runs on your workstation or PC, simulates the Java Card runtime environment on a Java virtual machine. It's not a complete simulation, for example, the JCWDE does not simulate the applet firewall of a Java Card virtual machine. However the JCWDE does provide a simulation that allows a good initial test of your Java Card applet. It allows you to run your applet as though it was masked in the the read- only memory of a smart card. And importantly, it allows you to run the test in your workstation or PC, without having to convert the applet, generate a mask file, or install the applet. To start the JCWDE, issue the jcdwe command. There are other inputs that you can optionally specify, such as a TCP/IP port for communication to the JCWDE - - if you don't specify a port, it defaults to port 9. For a description of all the inputs to the jcwde command, see jcwde Command Syntax in the Reference section. The applets identified in the configuration file are masked into the JCWDE, as though the applets were stored in the read- only memory of the smart card runtime environment. The applets are identified in the configuration file by their Application Identifier (AID). With the applets configured into its mask, the JCWDE is able to direct processing requests in the form of command APDUs to the appropriate applet for processing. The Configuration File. To see what a configuration file looks like, examine the sample configuration file, jcwde. Java Card 2. 1. 2 Development Kit. Or click here to see the source code for the jcwde. You'll notice that each line contains two fields: (1) the fully- qualified name of the class that represents the applet, and (2) the AID of the applet. For example, in the line. Wallet. 0xa. 0: 0x. Wallet is the name of the class for the Wallet applet, and 0xa. AID of the Wallet in hexadecimal. Subsequent examples in this section display the class and AID on separate lines.)Notice that the first applet- AID line of the jcwde. Installer. Applet. This line is for the installer applet that is provided with the Java Card 2. Development Kit, and must be the first applet- AID pair line in a configuration file. The installer applet creates instances of the applets that are identified in the configuration file; it performs functions analogous to the Installer component on a smart card that loads applets into the card's memory. Your configuration file would start with the applet- AID pair line for the installer applet, followed by applet- AID lines for your applets. For example, suppose you wrote an applet named My. Wallet in a package named mywallet, and the AID assigned to that applet is 0xb. The content of your configuration file would be. Installer. Applet. My. Wallet. 0xb. 0: 0x. An example. With a configuration file available, you can start the JCWDE. As an example, start the JCWDE and specify jcwde. To do that, go to location where you installed the Java Card 2. Development Kit, then change to the samples/src/demo subdirectory and issue the following command. This starts the JCWDE and masks into it the applets, including the Wallet applet, that are identified in the jcwde. By default, the JCWDE will listen for APDU commands through port 9.
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